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Terminologies and Tools Used for Internet Part 2

8. The Web Site

A collection of related Web pages stored on a Web server is called Web site. The browser program is used to access Web pages. A Web site may contain many Web pages. The main page or title page that contains the links of other Web pages is referred to as Home Page. The Home page is downloaded first when you enter the URL address of the Web site. The other pages of the Web site are visited, through Home page because it contains the links of other pages.

9. URL Address

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is a unique address of web page or any other file on the Internet. It is used by the browser of client computer to access the documents stored on the Host or Web server. Following are some important URL addresses:

1. http://www.savings. gov.pk
2. http://www.yahoo.com
3. http://www.hotmail.com

As shown in the above URLs, each URL may have the following parts:

1. Prefix with protocbl identifier, such as “http” or “ftp” followed by a colon & double slashes(//).
2. The domain name.
3. The path of the document. The forward slash (/) character is used in the document path.

10. Domain Name

The name assigned to the computer (server) on the Internet that exchanges the Information is called the domain name. It is a common and unique text name. It is also known as the Internet name of the computer. The domain name may consist of different parts but it is commonly divided into two parts:

Sub-domain - It is the name of the host computer connected to the Internet.

TLD - TLD stands for Top Level Domain. TLD comes at end of the domain name separated with dot(.) and specifies the type of domain such as type of organization. The commonly used TLDs are:

• "com" specifies the domain for commercial.
• "gov" specifies the domain for government department.
• "net" specifies the domain for networking company.

For example, in the domain name microsoft.com, "com" is the TLD and sub- domain is the "microsoft".

11. IP Address

The IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a host or node on the Internet. Each computer on the Internet is also assigned a numerical address as alternate of domain name, e.g. 102.104.70.02 (four numbers separated by dots). The numerical address for the domain name is called the IP address. You can also give the IP address of domain name as URL but it creates problem for users to remember the correct IP address of domain. The domain common name is easy to remember.

12. Domain Name System (DNS)

A domain name system (DNS) is the method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses, When a domain name is given to the browser, a DNS server translates the domain name into its associated [P address and then the connection is established to the correct computer on the Internet. A DNS server is an Internet server that is associated with an Internet Access Provider.

13. The Hyperlinks

The method that allows to create link of one section of document to another section or to another document is called the hyperlink or simply it is called link. The hyperlink may be created on any text or picture. The mouse pointer changes its shape (usually changes to hand. shape) when it is over the link. It shows that the text or image is clickable. When the link is clicked, you jump to the section or document that has the address under the link. Under the link, there may be URL of any web page or the specific section name of the same document.

14. ISP

ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a company that provides the Internet connections to the users. There are many ISP companies in each big city bf the countries of the world. You have to get an Internet connection from any ISP company of your local city to connect to the Internet. The ISP Company will provide you, a username for your identification, a password for your account security and a telephone number to connect to its server computer.

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