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Low-Level Languages

The programming languages that are very close to machine code (0s and 1s) are called low-level programming languages. The program instructions written in these languages are in binary form. The examples of low-level programming languages are machine language & assembly language.

1. Machine Language

The instructions in binary form, which can be directly understood by the computer (CPU) without translating them, is called a machine language or machine code. Machine language is also known as first generation of programming language. Machine language is the fundamental language of the computer and the program instructions in this language L1V n the binary form (l’s and 0’s). This language is different for different computers. It is not easy to learn.

2. Assembly Language

It is another low-level programming language because the program instructions written in this language are close to machine language. Assembly language is also known as second generation of programming language. With assembly language, a programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction code instead of binary codes. Symbolic codes are meaningful abbreviations such as SUB is used for subtraction operation, MUL for multiply operation and so on. Therefore, this language is also called the low-level symbolic language. The set of program instructions written in assembly language are called mnemonic code. Assembly language provides facilities for controlling the hardware.

Assembly language also includes macros that can be used during program writing. Macros are used as program instructions. A macro generates many machine language instructions. Typically, macros are like built-in functions.

The program written in assembly language cannot be executed directly on the computer. It is translated to the machine code with the help of translator program called the Assembler. Assembly language is also different for different computers.

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