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Comptuers in near future

The computer has changed our society today as the industrial revoltion changed society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Computer has effected all aspects of people's lives. It has become a need in our daily activities. Like other electronic devices at home, computers also have become need of every person, for entertainment as well as to perform jobs very quickly.

In the twenteith century the automobile telephone and television progressed in the field of communications. In this century, computer has changed the style of our daily activities. In near future, we shall totally depend on this machine (i.e. computer). For example, the banks will be totally computerized. You will draw moneys from your account through ATM. You will make shopping from supermarket through credit card. During journey, the vehicles will be totally dependent on the computer of electronic equipment. Similarly, in hospitals computer will be mostly used in Operation Theaters as well as for the checkup of patients. Today in Europe most of the systems are controlled by the computer. In the near future the advancement in computer technology will occur in the following areas.

• Hardware
• Software
• Communications and networks
• Robotics

1. Hardware

Today there is competition in the field of hardware to manufacture new electronic devices. The microchip of every small size has been manufactured. The microchip can perform many functions very accurately and quickly. In near future the nanotechnology will be used to build molecular devices. The molecular devices will have an extra ordinary computing speed of power. These will be used to solve some of the most complex scientific problems. The ultraviolet lithography technology will be used to design circuits in silicon chips. The following devices will be commonly used in near future.

i) Atomic Quantum Computers

In near future the personal computers (PCs) will be replaced by Quantum Computers (QCs). The speed of QCs will be up to an billion times faster than today's Pentium IV computers. At that speed a QC will search the entire Internet in a second. In these comptuers quantum mechanics will be used rather than digital technology. In these comptuers "bit" the basic storage unit of computer will be replaced by "atom".

ii) Optical Computers

Today optical technology is used in CD-ROM drives, laser printers, scanners and in fiber-optic digital communication. In near future this technology will be used in computers. Due to this technology the computing speed will increase and physical size of computers will also reduce.

iii) Storage Devices

The storage devices with very higth storage capacities will be introduced. The storage capacity will be in Terabytes. Today a new form of storage known as Fluorescent Multi-layer Dics (FMD) has been introduced. The first generation of this disc has storage capacity of 140GB, which is almost 30 times more than a DVD-ROM disc. The storage capacity of new generations will be in Terabytes. The dischas five inch optical medium with 100 layers. The data is recorded on Fluorescent material found on each of these layers.

The holographic video storage devices are also introduced. These are used in digital cinemas and digital cameras. The pictures (or images) are recorded as holograms on these devices. It is like a DVD disc. Its storage capacity is up to 105 terabytes. This storage capacity will be increased up to 1000 terabytes or more. Its life is also 50 years or more.

iv) Digital Books

Computers have also affected the library systems. In near future all library books will be converted into digital form. It will be possible to access library books through the Internet. The online universal libraries will be developed for students and teachers.

In next few years digital books will be available in small sized computers. Several companies have introduced small book sized computers that can hold about 150 books.

v) Personal Awareness Assistant (PAA)

The personal Awareness Assistant (PAA) is an electronic device designed to record and process all your voice commands & interactions and then create a searchable database. It can also send wireless messages.

2. Software

The second most important area of computer system is software, which is used to solve different kinds of problem as well as to control the operations of electronic devices. The software trends include the following.

i) User-Interface

New generations of operating systems and application programs are Graphical User Inerface (GUI). They provide the user-friendly interface. You can use and operate the computerized systems very easily. The user-interface trend will be improved in near future. Today Windows operating system and Windows-based applications are examples of GUI. The GUI allows you to interface with the computer using many of the methods you use to communicate with humans. Such methods will include natural language spoken words, hand gestures (signs) etc.

ii) Internet and Web

Today most of the people buy computers to access the Internet. At present you can communicate using e-email, chatting etc. and various kinds of information can be obtained from the Internet. In future various Internet-based application software will be developed for communication.

iii) Speech Recognition

In near future computer will be capable of translating your spoken statements into a computer code and responding in an appropriate fashion. Microsoft Office is a product of Microsoft company includes speech recognition software, which allows you to speak the names of menu commands, texts, numbers etc. and computer automatically takes action accordingly . In the near future, computer will use the intelligent agent software to determine the naming of your spoken words.

iv) Intelligent Agents

The Intelligent Agent is an automatic program that enables the machines to think and decide themselves. Some intelligent agents are embedded and work within a single program. Other intelligent agents known as network agents perform tasks on multiple remote computers and return results to the users. For example some e-mail software includes intelligent agents that filter the incoming messages and inform immediately about specific subjects.

3. Communications & Networks

The methods of transmitting and sharing data are changing dramatically. Today Internet is commonly used for this purpose. In near future the following methods will be commonly used for data communication.

i) Superboardband

Superboardband optical networks will be used to access data on the Internet. Due to this network computer users will access the Internet thousands of times faster than with today's cable and telephone dial-up services. It means that the bandwidth of the communication channels will be increased. Bandwidth is the measure of the amount of data a communication channel can transmit in a given period of time.

ii) Wireless Devices

Recent advancement in digital wireless technology has focused on using mobile telephone and handheld computers. Today the home and business computer users are looking for new ways to access the Internet. In near future the wireless communication will be commonly used. It is expected that the Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) will be the top selling wireless devices. A PDA is one of the more lightweight mobile devices in use today. It also provides the extra functions such as accessing Internet, receiving and sending e-mails, address book etc.

iii) Bluetooth Devices

Cordless products are in hight demand and these devices with bluetooth technology should flood the market in the next few years. Bluetooth technology allows Cellular Telephones, Pagers, PDAs and other wireless products to detect each other and communicate with each other. Saab Automotive was the first car manufacturer to use bluetooth technology in its vehicles by supporting hand-free telephone use via a bluetooth headset and wireless networking using a PDA. This technology will be progressed in future.

iv) Multiple-function Telephones and PDAs

PDAs and cellular telephones will share features and will be capable of communicating with each other. Nearly every digital wireless telephone will have features of FM radios and two-way text messaging. The users will be able to access Internet via these cellular telephones and PDAs rather than by personal computers.

4. Robotics

A robot is a computer-controlled device that can move and react like human beings. In the past robots were used only in factories to perform different jobs like lifting of heavy equipment etc. These were also used to perform jobs that are dangerous for humans, such as opening chemical package and packages believed to contain bombs.

In near future robots will be used at homes to perform different jobs. For example at home:

• supervising children and the elders.
• monitoring home security system.
• fetching items from other areas of the home.
• cleaning your houses.

In future sophisticated robots will soon be available with very low cost. These robots will have the capabilities of speech recognition, decision making, vision, mobility etc. Robots are also used by a variety of industries including drilling for oil, generating power, automobile etc. For example, in an automobile plant, robot is used for assembling cars. In near future, most of the departments will be under the control of robots.

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